Tumor-derived exosomes confer antigen-specific immunosuppression in a murine delayed-type hypersensitivity model.
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| Abstract |    :  
                  Exosomes are endosome-derived small membrane vesicles that are secreted by most cell types including tumor cells. Tumor-derived exosomes usually contain tumor antigens and have been used as a source of tumor antigens to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. However, many reports also suggest that tumor-derived exosomes can facilitate tumor immune evasion through different mechanisms, most of which are antigen-independent. In the present study we used a mouse model of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and demonstrated that local administration of tumor-derived exosomes carrying the model antigen chicken ovalbumin (OVA) resulted in the suppression of DTH response in an antigen-specific manner. Analysis of exosome trafficking demonstrated that following local injection, tumor-derived exosomes were internalized by CD11c+ cells and transported to the draining LN. Exosome-mediated DTH suppression is associated with increased mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and IL-4 in the draining LN. The tumor-derived exosomes examined were also found to inhibit DC maturation. Taken together, our results suggest a role for tumor-derived exosomes in inducing tumor antigen-specific immunosuppression, possibly by modulating the function of APCs.  | 
        
| Year of Publication |    :  
                  2011 
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| Journal |    :  
                  PloS one 
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| Volume |    :  
                  6 
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| Issue |    :  
                  8 
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| Number of Pages |    :  
                  e22517 
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| Date Published |    :  
                  2011 
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| URL |    :  
                  http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022517 
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| DOI |    :  
                  10.1371/journal.pone.0022517 
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| Short Title |    :  
                  Tumorderived exosomes confer antigenspecific immunosuppression i 
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