Route and Type of Formulation Administered Influences the Absorption and Disposition of Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Levels in Serum.
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| Abstract |    :  
                  The administration of biological compounds that optimize health benefits is an ever-evolving therapeutic goal. Pharmaceutical and other adjunctive biological compounds have been administered via many different routes in order to produce a systemic pharmacological effect. The article summarizes the findings from an Australian comparative study in adults administered vitamin B12 through different oral delivery platforms. A total of 16 subjects (9 males, 7 females) voluntarily partook in a comparative clinical study of five different vitamin B12 formulations across a six-month period, completing 474 person-hours of cumulative contribution, that was equivalent to an n = 60 participation. A nanoparticle delivered vitamin B12 through a NanoCelle platform was observed to be significantly (p < 0.05) better absorbed than all other dose equivalent platforms (i.e., tablets, emulsions, or liposomes) from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 h of the study period. The nanoparticle platform delivered vitamin B12 demonstrated an enhanced and significant absorption profile as exemplified by rapid systemic detection (i.e., 1 h from baseline) when administered to the oro-buccal mucosa with no reports of any adverse events of toxicity. The nanoparticle formulation of methylcobalamin (1000 µg/dose in 0.3 mL volume) showed bioequivalence only with a chewable-dissolvable tablet that administered a five times higher dose of methylcobalamin (5000 µg) per tablet. This study has demonstrated that an active metabolite embedded in a functional biomaterial (NanoCelle) may constitute a drug delivery method that can better access the circulatory system.  | 
        
| Year of Publication |    :  
                  2018 
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| Journal |    :  
                  Journal of functional biomaterials 
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| Volume |    :  
                  9 
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| Issue |    :  
                  1 
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| Date Published |    :  
                  2018 
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| URL |    :  
                  http://www.mdpi.com/resolver?pii=jfb9010012 
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| DOI |    :  
                  10.3390/jfb9010012 
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| Short Title |    :  
                  J Funct Biomater 
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